Application Challenges and Solutions of Drones in Complex Environments​

Drones face numerous challenges when operating in complex environments. In urban areas, for example, the presence of tall buildings, strong electromagnetic fields, and high – density air traffic poses significant obstacles. The tall buildings can cause signal interference, making it difficult for the drone to maintain a stable connection with the remote controller. The strong electromagnetic fields from power lines and communication towers can also disrupt the drone’s navigation system. In addition, the high – density air traffic, including other drones and small aircraft, requires strict traffic management to avoid collisions.​

In harsh natural environments such as deserts, mountains, and jungles, drones encounter different challenges. In deserts, the extreme heat and sandstorms can damage the drone’s components, especially the sensitive sensors and motors. In mountainous regions, the thin air and strong winds can affect the drone’s flight performance, making it harder to control. In jungles, the dense vegetation can pose a risk of the drone colliding with trees or getting stuck.​

To address these challenges, researchers and manufacturers are developing a range of solutions. For urban environments, the use of advanced communication technologies such as 5G and satellite communication can improve the stability of the drone’s signal. The development of more robust navigation systems that can rely on multiple sensors, such as inertial measurement units and optical flow sensors, can help the drone navigate more accurately in the presence of GPS interference. For harsh natural environments, drones are being designed with more durable materials that can withstand extreme temperatures and harsh weather conditions. In addition, the development of autonomous flight algorithms that can adapt to changing environmental conditions, such as adjusting the flight altitude in response to strong winds, is also helping drones operate more effectively in complex environments.